Evolution Korea: 11 Thing You're Not Doing
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Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is prone to populist tendencies. Nonetheless, it is healthier than might be expected.
The country is looking for a new way of developing. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relationships, continues to influence the society. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In the early days, the ancestors to modern Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild foods. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet and beans as well as other crops. They also raised livestock and also made furs. These people formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy industry, producing iron tools, including bronze. They traded with other nations and introduced block and celadon printing to Japan, as well as styles of art as well as a written language and paper making.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. During this time the people of Buyeo were incorporated into Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy where the monarch and senior officials came from the aristocracy of the land, while the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these citizens, and sometimes required them to join the army or to build fortifications.
Onjo Prince Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje at the close of the time. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and clashed against Goguryeo's commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian beliefs into its official belief system and made the male centered filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible for their families and had to be obeyed and respected by all, including their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, who would rule from 918 until 1392 CE gave the world the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth when it was pronounced. This dramatically improved communication between people, and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was the first to be recorded.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times. The earliest evidence for human settlements is evident in the form stone-lined cist graves with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried along with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, constructed from massive single stones, are also common throughout the country.
Gojoseon was the first political state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was later controlled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE) including Baekje and Goguryeo. In addition, the northern region of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which many historians do not believe to be a proper Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. Baekje, the most powerful of these states was diminished by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE) leaving only its southern regions in Manchuria and the its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo as well as the Gaya confederacy, flourished for a while.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to work together to expand their read more territories. Silla, with the help of the Chinese, eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters a post-crisis era its development model appears to be changing. The people who are awed by the huge cost of the old systems support a comprehensive program of liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand, people who support the old system attempt to keep it alive through nationalist sentiments, as well as by inflating fears about potential job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain sharply divided on the extent to these two trends are driving Koreas shift towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article assesses the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development: illiberal democracy (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to present). This article also identifies key factors that appear to be the driving force behind these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have made significant progress in promoting their beliefs to this group. A survey from 2009 showed that almost one-third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% stated that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% said it contradicted their religious beliefs; and 17 percent said they did not understand it. This level of disbelief is similar to the United States where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from less advanced forms of life.
In the past of the anti-evolutionist movement in Korea was focused on educating college students and leading them to Christ. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the main speakers. This event attracted a huge number of church leaders and scientists.
The success of the event resulted in the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st in 1980. The inauguration event was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and attracted a lot of attention.
KACR began publishing a newsletter called CREATION. In it, the organization reported on its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence for the existence of God. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR, as well as a few books on creationism that were in print outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures at universities and churches throughout the country.
A KACR success was seen at the KAIST University in Seoul. There, students were so interested in the idea of creationism that they raised the funds and support to put up an on-campus museum with creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, CREATION. This magazine covers topics in the creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also created branches in local offices that host talks and seminars to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Evolution in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts, and other fashion elements from abroad. Similarly, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary rock and roll and jazz. In this period the samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, became popular with the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drummers and other instruments of music.
Korea's new development model is being formed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike the right balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring, or disciplining schemes which have created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
The Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established in the middle of the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and immigrants from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. Consequently, it came into frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders across the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He became a rival to Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla and later joined Baekje into Goryeo and acted as a peaceful successor. In addition, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized rule system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was later ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.